Use VS Code devcontainer. It needs a .devcontainer directory in your VS Code project directory to start development using containers. Create a repo for your developers to bootstrap development environment using devcontainer. Add additional scripts to do chores.
Basic devcontainer setup for frappe exists in devcontainer-example directory of frappe/frappe_docker
Container can be customized with custom image and additional dependencies installed as part of initialization.
Refer other frappe example located under kube-devcontainer to build custom image using Dockerfile, devcontainer.json and compose.yml